Gardening in Rochester, NY
This metro spans USDA zones 6a to 6b, so there is no single zone for Rochester, NY and anyone who gives you one is rounding. 68% of its ZIP codes are zone 6b; the rest are not.
Which zone you are in depends where you are
Rochester, NY covers 2 hardiness zones. A guide that gives the metro one zone has picked whichever is largest and rounded everyone else into it — which is fine for the 68% in zone 6b and wrong for the other 32%. Here is the actual split.
| Zone | ZIP codes | Share | |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6b | 71 | 68% | |
| 6a | 34 | 32% |
Zones are published per ZIP code, so yours is exact even though the metro's is not. The hardiness tool will tell you which one you are in.
Your freeze dates
Those are the earliest and latest medians among the 17 stations serving this metro — not an average, and not one station standing in for the rest. Half of years freeze later than a station's own median.
The spread is the point. Even in a metro that is one hardiness zone throughout, its stations disagree about the last spring freeze. Hardiness zone and frost date measure different things — a zone is the average annual coldest night, a freeze date is when the season turns — and a place can be uniform in one and varied in the other. Use the tools below with your own ZIP rather than the ends of this range.
Your growing season
NOAA publishes a growing-season length for each station, and across the 17 stations serving Rochester, NY it runs 147–187 days . That figure is published, not computed from the two freeze dates — subtracting one from the other gives the wrong answer wherever a season crosses New Year. Mean summer high (June–August) runs 77–81 °F , below the 90 °F point where cool-season crops reliably bolt.
When to start seeds in Rochester, NY
Every spring job for 63 crop dates, counted from this metro's own last spring freeze. Each is a range across all 17 stations — the earliest and latest that job falls anywhere in the metro — because no one station speaks for the whole area.
| Crop | Job | When | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green Onions | Start indoors | February 27 – March 15 | 8 weeks before |
| Peppers | Start indoors | February 27 – March 15 | 8 weeks before |
| Broccoli | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Cabbage | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Collards | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Kale | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Peas | Direct sow | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Spinach | Direct sow | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Sweet Potato | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Tomatoes | Start indoors | March 13 – March 29 | 6 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Start indoors | March 20 – April 5 | 5 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Start indoors | March 20 – April 5 | 5 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Start indoors | March 20 – April 5 | 5 weeks before |
| Arugula | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Baby Salad Greens | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Beets | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Green Onions | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Mustard Greens | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Okra | Start indoors | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Radishes | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Turnips | Direct sow | March 27 – April 12 | 4 weeks before |
| Cabbage | Set out | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Carrots | Direct sow | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Collards | Direct sow | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Collards | Set out | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Cucumbers | Start indoors | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Green Onions | Set out | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Kale | Direct sow | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Kale | Set out | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Direct sow | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Set out | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Direct sow | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Pumpkins | Start indoors | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Summer Squash | Start indoors | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Winter Squash | Start indoors | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Zucchini | Start indoors | April 3 – April 19 | 3 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Direct sow | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Set out | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Broccoli | Set out | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Cilantro | Direct sow | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Set out | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Direct sow | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Set out | April 10 – April 26 | 2 weeks before |
| Dill | Direct sow | April 17 – May 3 | 1 week before |
| Bush Beans | Direct sow | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Cucumbers | Set out | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Pumpkins | Direct sow | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Pumpkins | Set out | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Summer Squash | Direct sow | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Summer Squash | Set out | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Sweet Corn | Direct sow | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Tomatoes | Set out | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Winter Squash | Direct sow | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Winter Squash | Set out | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Zucchini | Direct sow | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Zucchini | Set out | May 1 – May 17 | 1 week after |
| Cucumbers | Direct sow | May 8 – May 24 | 2 weeks after |
| Okra | Direct sow | May 8 – May 24 | 2 weeks after |
| Okra | Set out | May 8 – May 24 | 2 weeks after |
| Peppers | Set out | May 8 – May 24 | 2 weeks after |
| Southern Peas | Direct sow | May 8 – May 24 | 2 weeks after |
| Sweet Potato | Set out | May 8 – May 24 | 2 weeks after |
The week offsets are conventional extension guidance and vary by variety; the freeze dates they are counted from are measured. For a single date rather than a range, run when do I start my seeds? with your own ZIP code.
What survives the winter changes across Rochester, NY
Of 74 perennial fruits, nuts, berries, vegetables and herbs, 51 come through the winter in every zone this metro covers.
| Zone | ZIPs | Survive | Fail for being too warm |
|---|---|---|---|
| 6a | 34 | 51 of 74 | 0 |
| 6b | 71 | 51 of 74 | 0 |
The last column is the counterintuitive one, and it is why the totals do not simply rise as the winters get milder. Most temperate fruit needs a documented number of hours below about 45 °F to break dormancy and set a crop, so an apple fails in a winter that is too warm; currants and rhubarb cook in the summer heat that comes with it. See the full list with reasons.
The 17 stations behind these numbers
Every figure above comes from these, and each is named so you can check it. Distances vary by ZIP code, so the tools report yours rather than this page guessing.
| Station | NOAA ID | Last spring freeze | First fall freeze | Season |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Albion, NY | USC00300055 | May 1 | October 20 | 170 days |
| Auburn, NY | USC00300321 | May 2 | October 18 | 166 days |
| Avon, NY | USC00300343 | May 3 | October 15 | 163 days |
| Brockport, NY | USC00300937 | April 24 | October 30 | 187 days |
| Canandaigua 3 S, NY | USC00301152 | April 29 | October 22 | 175 days |
| Dansville Muni AP, NY | USW00094704 | May 1 | October 19 | 170 days |
| Dansville, NY | USC00301974 | May 4 | October 16 | 163 days |
| Fulton, NY | USC00303087 | April 27 | October 24 | 180 days |
| Geneva Rsch Farm, NY | USC00303184 | April 30 | October 21 | 173 days |
| Hemlock, NY | USC00303773 | May 2 | October 18 | 167 days |
| Honeoye, NY | USC00303955 | May 10 | October 4 | 147 days |
| Mt Morris 2 W, NY | USC00305597 | April 30 | October 17 | 170 days |
| Pavilion 2Ne, NY | USC00306464 | May 2 | October 14 | 162 days |
| Rochester Gtr INTL AP, NY | USW00014768 | April 24 | October 25 | 181 days |
| Sodus 1W, NY | USC00307842 | May 6 | October 10 | 158 days |
| Victor 2Nw, NY | USC00308839 | May 2 | October 17 | 167 days |
| Webster 2 NE, NY | USC00309049 | May 1 | October 20 | 171 days |
These are medians, not averages — NOAA publishes freeze dates as a probability distribution, and half of years freeze later than the date shown.
Work out your own dates
Each of these takes a ZIP code and answers for that ZIP alone, citing the station it used and how far away it is. There is a ZIP box in the header of every page.
- What survives my winter?
Runs on the hardiness zone, so it answers for all of Rochester, NY at once — zone across 74 perennial fruits, berries, vegetables and herbs.
- When do I start my seeds?
Dates every spring job from your own last freeze — sow indoors, set out, direct sow.
- When do I sow the next round?
How often each crop is worth re-sowing, and when the next sowing is due.
- What can I still plant?
Counts the growing days left before your first fall freeze, crop by crop.
Where these numbers come from
The hardiness zone is the USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map, published per ZIP code by PRISM at Oregon State. The freeze dates are NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals, read from every station whose normals cover a ZIP code in this metro. Nothing here is estimated, and no station stands in for another.
This page names no single station on purpose. Picking one to represent a metro sounds reasonable and is not: the station serving the most ZIP codes is an artifact of where ZIP centroids happen to fall, and it selects a lock on the Monongahela for Pittsburgh and a far southern suburb for Chicago. A range across every station is true; a single cited date for a whole metro is not.