Gardening in Lancaster, PA
Every ZIP code in this metro is USDA zone 7a. That is unusual — most metros span several zones — and it means the one number people usually look up is the same wherever you are here.
Your freeze dates
Those are the earliest and latest medians among the 10 stations serving this metro — not an average, and not one station standing in for the rest. Half of years freeze later than a station's own median.
The spread is the point. Even in a metro that is one hardiness zone throughout, its stations disagree about the last spring freeze. Hardiness zone and frost date measure different things — a zone is the average annual coldest night, a freeze date is when the season turns — and a place can be uniform in one and varied in the other. Use the tools below with your own ZIP rather than the ends of this range.
Your growing season
NOAA publishes a growing-season length for each station, and across the 10 stations serving Lancaster, PA it runs 162–221 days . That figure is published, not computed from the two freeze dates — subtracting one from the other gives the wrong answer wherever a season crosses New Year. Mean summer high (June–August) runs 82–85 °F , below the 90 °F point where cool-season crops reliably bolt.
When to start seeds in Lancaster, PA
Every spring job for 63 crop dates, counted from this metro's own last spring freeze. Each is a range across all 10 stations — the earliest and latest that job falls anywhere in the metro — because no one station speaks for the whole area.
| Crop | Job | When | Offset |
|---|---|---|---|
| Green Onions | Start indoors | February 4 – March 5 | 8 weeks before |
| Peppers | Start indoors | February 4 – March 5 | 8 weeks before |
| Broccoli | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Cabbage | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Collards | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Kale | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Peas | Direct sow | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Spinach | Direct sow | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Sweet Potato | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Tomatoes | Start indoors | February 18 – March 19 | 6 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Start indoors | February 25 – March 26 | 5 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Start indoors | February 25 – March 26 | 5 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Start indoors | February 25 – March 26 | 5 weeks before |
| Arugula | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Baby Salad Greens | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Beets | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Green Onions | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Mustard Greens | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Okra | Start indoors | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Radishes | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Turnips | Direct sow | March 4 – April 2 | 4 weeks before |
| Cabbage | Set out | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Carrots | Direct sow | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Collards | Direct sow | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Collards | Set out | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Cucumbers | Start indoors | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Green Onions | Set out | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Kale | Direct sow | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Kale | Set out | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Direct sow | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Kohlrabi | Set out | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Direct sow | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Pumpkins | Start indoors | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Summer Squash | Start indoors | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Winter Squash | Start indoors | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Zucchini | Start indoors | March 11 – April 9 | 3 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Direct sow | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Bok Choy | Set out | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Broccoli | Set out | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Cilantro | Direct sow | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Leaf Lettuce | Set out | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Direct sow | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Swiss Chard | Set out | March 18 – April 16 | 2 weeks before |
| Dill | Direct sow | March 25 – April 23 | 1 week before |
| Bush Beans | Direct sow | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Cucumbers | Set out | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Pumpkins | Direct sow | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Pumpkins | Set out | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Summer Squash | Direct sow | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Summer Squash | Set out | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Sweet Corn | Direct sow | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Tomatoes | Set out | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Winter Squash | Direct sow | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Winter Squash | Set out | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Zucchini | Direct sow | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Zucchini | Set out | April 8 – May 7 | 1 week after |
| Cucumbers | Direct sow | April 15 – May 14 | 2 weeks after |
| Okra | Direct sow | April 15 – May 14 | 2 weeks after |
| Okra | Set out | April 15 – May 14 | 2 weeks after |
| Peppers | Set out | April 15 – May 14 | 2 weeks after |
| Southern Peas | Direct sow | April 15 – May 14 | 2 weeks after |
| Sweet Potato | Set out | April 15 – May 14 | 2 weeks after |
The week offsets are conventional extension guidance and vary by variety; the freeze dates they are counted from are measured. For a single date rather than a range, run when do I start my seeds? with your own ZIP code.
What lives through a zone 7a winter
Winter hardiness runs on the zone alone, so this one is exact for the whole of Lancaster, PA rather than a range. Of 74 perennial fruits, nuts, berries, vegetables and herbs, 58 come through a zone 7a winter — and 1 of the failures are not about cold at all, but about winters too mild to break dormancy or summers too hot.
Among them: Cranberry, Honeyberry, Apple, Aronia, Black Currant, Elderberry, Gooseberry, Summer Raspberry. See the full list with reasons.
The 10 stations behind these numbers
Every figure above comes from these, and each is named so you can check it. Distances vary by ZIP code, so the tools report yours rather than this page guessing.
| Station | NOAA ID | Last spring freeze | First fall freeze | Season |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Blue Marsh Lake, PA | USC00360785 | April 26 | October 19 | 176 days |
| Conowingo Dam, MD | USC00182060 | April 3 | November 6 | 217 days |
| Hopewell Morgantown, PA | USC00364076 | April 16 | October 27 | 193 days |
| Lancaster 2Ne Fltr Plt, PA | USC00364763 | April 19 | October 24 | 186 days |
| Lancaster AP, PA | USW00054737 | April 18 | October 25 | 186 days |
| Landisville 2 NW, PA | USC00364778 | April 30 | October 10 | 162 days |
| Middletown Harrisburg INTL AP, PA | USW00014711 | April 9 | November 2 | 206 days |
| New Holland 2 SE, PA | USC00366238 | April 14 | November 1 | 198 days |
| Octoraro Lake, PA | USC00366508 | April 26 | October 22 | 179 days |
| Safe Harbor Dam, PA | USC00367732 | April 1 | November 10 | 221 days |
These are medians, not averages — NOAA publishes freeze dates as a probability distribution, and half of years freeze later than the date shown.
Work out your own dates
Each of these takes a ZIP code and answers for that ZIP alone, citing the station it used and how far away it is. There is a ZIP box in the header of every page.
- What survives my winter?
Runs on the hardiness zone, so it answers for all of Lancaster, PA at once — zone 7a across 74 perennial fruits, berries, vegetables and herbs.
- When do I start my seeds?
Dates every spring job from your own last freeze — sow indoors, set out, direct sow.
- When do I sow the next round?
How often each crop is worth re-sowing, and when the next sowing is due.
- What can I still plant?
Counts the growing days left before your first fall freeze, crop by crop.
Where these numbers come from
The hardiness zone is the USDA 2023 Plant Hardiness Zone Map, published per ZIP code by PRISM at Oregon State. The freeze dates are NOAA's 1991–2020 Climate Normals, read from every station whose normals cover a ZIP code in this metro. Nothing here is estimated, and no station stands in for another.
This page names no single station on purpose. Picking one to represent a metro sounds reasonable and is not: the station serving the most ZIP codes is an artifact of where ZIP centroids happen to fall, and it selects a lock on the Monongahela for Pittsburgh and a far southern suburb for Chicago. A range across every station is true; a single cited date for a whole metro is not.